Guidelines > Footpad Immunization in Rodents
Footpad immunization of rodents or other species should not be used for routine immunizations. Injections may be given subcutaneously in the region of the footpad to achieve the desired immunologic effect. Investigators should not use the term, “footpad injection” in their grant application, but rather should use the term “subcutaneous injection in the region of the footpad. However, utilizing the footpad for immunization of small rodents may be necessary in particular studies where isolating a draining lymph node, as a primary action site, is required. The well-being of subject animals should be addressed by procedures such as controlling the quantity of adjuvant instilled in the footpad, the use of only one foot per experimental animal, and housing on soft bedding rather than screens. Front feet should not be used for footpad immunization. If scientific justification is provided, the recommended maximum footpad injection volumes are 0.01-0.05 in mice and 0.10 ml for rats.
